Yeast Infection in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
A yeast infection in dogs can be a source of immense discomfort for your furry friend. The main symptom is itching and scratching, which can be mistaken for allergies. However, yeast and allergies are not the same, although a dog can be allergic to yeast.
Yeast infections are more common in summer as yeast thrives in hot and humid weather. In this article, we will delve into what a yeast infection in dogs is, the clinical signs and symptoms to look out for, possible causes, and treatment options. We will also discuss which dogs are more susceptible to yeast infections and what to feed them when they have a yeast infection.
So, What is a Yeast Infection in Dogs?
Yeast infection in dogs is a common skin condition caused by the overgrowth of the Malassezia pachydermatis fungus on a dog’s skin. This fungus is naturally present on a dog’s skin, but it can cause problems when it grows out of control. Yeast infections are most commonly found in moist areas of a dog’s body, such as the paws, ear canals, armpits, jowls, anal area, and any skin folds your pup may have.
Dogs that are hypersensitive to Malassezia can also develop yeast infections. In this case, even a small amount of yeast can cause an allergic reaction, leading to itching and scratching.
The symptoms of a yeast infection in dogs may include scratching, biting, and chewing at the affected areas, hair loss, redness, inflammation, a greasy or flaky appearance, and a foul odor. If left untreated, yeast infections can lead to more severe skin problems.
It’s important to note that all dogs have yeast on their skin, and it’s normal to find small amounts of yeast. However, if a dog’s immune system is compromised, or if the yeast grows out of control, it can lead to a yeast infection.
If you suspect that your dog has a yeast infection, it’s important to take them to the vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Treatment may include antifungal medications, special shampoos, and dietary changes.
In summary, yeast infections in dogs are caused by the overgrowth of the Malassezia pachydermatis fungus on a dog’s skin. Dogs that are hypersensitive to this fungus can also develop yeast infections. If you suspect that your dog has a yeast infection, it’s important to seek veterinary care to prevent the condition from worsening.
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Yeast Infections in Dogs
Yeast infections in dogs can be uncomfortable and painful. Identifying the symptoms of a yeast infection early can help you get your dog the treatment they need.
Yeast Infection on Dogs’ Paws
Dogs’ paws are a common area for yeast infections to develop. Yeast thrives in moist environments, and dogs sweat through their paws, creating a damp environment that yeast loves. Signs of yeast infections on paws include:
- Pungent smell, similar to Fritos
- Licking and chewing at paws
- Rust-coloured fur between toes and on other areas that the dog licks
Yeast Infection in Dogs’ Ears
Yeast infections in dogs’ ears can be particularly uncomfortable and painful. Signs of yeast infections in dogs’ ears include:
- Itching and scratching at ears
- Shaking head frequently
- Visible yeast in the ears
Other Symptoms Include:
- Lots of itching and scratching
- Licking, biting or chewing at paws
- Pungent smell
- Crusty, darkened, hardened, leathery, or elephant-like skin
- Hair loss, either regional or generalized
- Rust-coloured fur at affected areas
- Brown discharge
- Inflammation of the toes, nail bed, with brown discharge in some cases
If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian to determine the best course of treatment. Your vet may prescribe a variety of treatments, including antifungal medications, topical treatments, and dietary changes. With proper care and treatment, your dog can recover from a yeast infection and return to their happy, healthy self.
Yeast Infection in Dogs Diagnosis
To diagnose yeast dermatitis, veterinarians perform a physical examination to look for signs of redness, scaling, crusting, and hair loss in areas like the ears and paw pads. They may also take samples from affected areas for further microscopic analysis. If Malassezia pachydermatis is present in these samples, then it can be strongly implied that yeast dermatitis is present, and treatment can begin accordingly. Proper diagnosis of this condition is essential to treat it and prevent future flare-ups.
Possible Causes
An overgrowth of Malassezia in dogs is often associated with underlying health issues that weaken the immune system and allow the fungus to proliferate. The overuse of antibiotics or steroids is also a leading cause of yeast overgrowth.
Dogs’ guts contain billions of beneficial bacteria that keep the fungus in check. Antibiotics kill harmful bacteria, but they also wipe out the “good guys,” leaving the door open for the fungus to take root and grow out of control. Prolonged use of steroids suppresses the immune system, leaving the door open for yeast. It is important to note that other factors, such as food allergies, hormonal imbalances, and environmental factors, may also contribute to yeast overgrowth.
What Foods Contribute to Yeast Infections in Dogs?
Diet plays a significant role in the development of yeast infections in dogs. Foods containing high sugar or carbohydrate content can increase the amount of yeast present in a dog’s system. High-carbohydrate foods such as bread, pasta, cereal, and sweet treats should be avoided. Additionally, moist and wet foods can also contribute to yeast infections in dogs due to their higher moisture content providing a favourable environment for bacterial growth.
Pet owners should consider feeding their dogs a low-carbohydrate diet to prevent yeast infections. Foods such as lean meats, vegetables, and fruits are healthy alternatives and can help reduce the risk of developing yeast infections.
If a dog has already developed a yeast infection, it is essential to avoid feeding them foods that may exacerbate the condition. A vet may recommend a special diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in protein to help manage the infection.
It is crucial to understand which types of food may be contributing factors to yeast infections in dogs. Pet owners should seek advice from a veterinarian to develop a suitable diet plan for their dog.
What to Feed When a Dog Has a Yeast Infection
Suggested Diet for Adult Dog With Yeast Issues
When feeding a dog with yeast overgrowth, it is best to opt for a raw diet or home-cooked meals based on meat and vegetables. Commercial dog food, especially kibble, contains high amounts of carbohydrates and sugar, which feed yeast. A diet high in sugar worsens a yeast problem as yeast thrives on sugar. Carbohydrates break down into sugar once in the system. Even most grain-free diets still contain carbohydrates. Potato or sweet potato are often listed as one of the main ingredients in grain-free food, both of which are high in carbs.
It is important to be just as cautious about the treats given to dogs. Commercial treats are often higher in sugar and carbohydrates than food. The aim is to starve yeast, not feed it.
When feeding a dog with yeast issues, try feeding them 2% to 3% of their body weight in bones and meat. For a 50-pound dog, this would be about 1 to 1.5 pounds of bones and meat. Vegetables, yogurt, cottage cheese, or egg can also be added. Start with this amount and adjust the quantity as needed.
Example Diet Plan
- Breakfast: 1 avocado with a dash of unrefined sea salt, 1 cup Lactaid-treated cottage cheese, live-culture yogurt or kefir.
- Dinner: 1 to 1.5 lbs raw bones and meat, 2 to 4 tablespoons finely chopped fresh collard greens or other fresh herbs suitable for dogs
The diet plan above is just a small sample. Further research into an appropriate raw diet is needed. We make our own kefir and give a small amount to the dogs each day.
Which Dogs Are Prone to Yeast Infections?
While any dog can be affected by yeast overpopulation, some breeds are more susceptible than others. These breeds include American Cocker Spaniels, Basset Hounds, Dachshunds, English Setters, German Shepherds, Shih Tzus, Springer Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers. Healthy dogs fed a nutritious diet are less likely to fall prey to yeast, while dogs with existing health issues, on antibiotics, or have been on steroids for a prolonged period are more vulnerable.
Treatment for a Yeast Infection in Dogs
Managing yeast infections in dogs can be challenging as the fungus tends to overpopulate quickly. To effectively treat yeast infections in dogs, both the digestive tract and skin must be treated simultaneously while ensuring that the immune system is functioning optimally.
Oral Treatment – Treating the GI Tract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract accounts for 70% of the immune system. When the immune system is compromised, yeast grows out of control. Therefore, starting treatment at the GI tract helps the dog’s immune system fight invaders like yeast.
The first step is to ensure that the digestive tract has all the essential nutrients to work efficiently. One way to achieve this is by adding a supplement containing beneficial omega-3 and omega-6. Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential fatty acids that are vital to dogs and support a healthy immune system. Fish oils, particularly salmon, have an abundant supply of EFAs.
When selecting salmon or salmon oil, it is important to choose wild-caught salmon over farm-raised salmon.
Studies have shown that farmed fish contains contaminants that can be harmful to dogs. Pawsome Naturals Wild Alaskan salmon oil is a good choice for dogs. It is made from fresh-caught wild Alaskan salmon and is manufactured in the USA in a facility that has earned the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) stamp.
Another excellent supplement for the digestive tract is adding a good source of probiotics to the dog’s diet. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help to fight bacteria and crowd out yeast.
Look for a brand that has been formulated for dogs and has at least ten different strains of live probiotics. At a minimum, ensure it contains L. Acidophilus. NWC Naturals Total-Biotics is an excellent probiotic for dogs. It contains 14 strains of friendly bacteria and comes in an easy-to-administer powder.
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive enzymes assist in improving the absorption of nutrients necessary for a healthy immune system. They aid in balancing nutrients and enzymes in the gut.
Many commercial dog foods lack the necessary enzymes to break down the food, which can stress a dog’s digestive system. Adding a quality digestive enzyme to their food enables their gut to digest it. It also brings the nutrient intake closer to being fed a raw diet. NWC Naturals – Total-Zymes Digestive Enzymes for Dogs is a good choice for dogs.
Topical Treatment – Treating the Skin
Most dogs suffering from yeast infections have itchy skin. Yeast is a fungus that loves a warm, moist environment, so the paws, ears, groin, and skin folds are perfect spots for the yeast to proliferate. And when it does, it itches. A lot.
When this happens, the best solution is to bathe the dog with an antifungal shampoo. Most antifungal shampoos will need to stay on the dog’s skin for at least 10 minutes to remove the yeast. Once removed, there should be less itching. However, it quickly returns, so frequent bathing is necessary until the yeast is under control.
Many antifungal shampoos contain Chlorhexidine gluconate, which is a synthetic ingredient that can strip the dog’s skin and coat of its natural oils. It also upsets the natural microbiome of the dog’s skin, leading to more allergies and itchy skin. Therefore, it is better to choose a shampoo that contains natural antifungal agents such as tea tree oil.
Nature’s Specialties Derma Treat is a good choice for dogs. It contains the highest quality Australian tea tree oil, which is antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial. It also contains a blend of other herbs and essential oils known to soothe and restore the skin. Derma Treat can be used to treat a wide variety of skin conditions in dogs, such as hot spots, eczema, dry skin, and itching due to flea and tick infestations.
A daily wash with an antifungal shampoo works well for a dog that constantly licks their paws. This can be done in between baths as dogs may itch their paws more often than any other area. An antifungal spray can be used several times a day to control yeasty areas, particularly the paws. Look for a spray that has natural ingredients to prevent further irritation. Wham Anti-Itch Spray is PH balanced, contains a blend of tea tree oil, aloe vera, and vitamins A, D & E. It works immediately to stop itching and has a bitter taste dogs won’t want to lick off.
Dog Yeast Allergy
Treating Dogs With Ear Yeast
Dogs with ear yeast infections can be challenging to treat, especially those with floppy ears. Once they have a yeast problem, it seems like it’s never-ending. However, there are several treatments available to pet owners.
Regular bathing with antifungal shampoos is paramount to keeping the yeast at a manageable level. Additionally, there are over-the-counter ear drops, natural ear cleaners, and home remedies for yeast infections of the ears that can be used.
A great book entitled “You Can Heal Your Pet” is available for those looking for more information on natural remedies. Written by a Canine Naturopath, Research Scientist, and Zoologist, the book includes how to heal repeated ear infections.
It is important to note that some dogs may be allergic to yeast, and even a small amount can cause significant problems. For these dogs, regular allergy shots may be necessary to develop resistance to yeast and reduce symptoms.
Pet owners can find more information on allergy testing in their area by finding a Veterinary Dermatologist.
It is essential to ensure that the treatments used are safe and effective for the dog. Pet owners should consult with their veterinarian to determine the best course of action for their pet.
To Summarize
A yeast infection in dogs is a type of fungus that grows in moist areas, especially in warmer weather. Some dogs may suffer from yeast overgrowth, which is usually associated with a weakened immune system, while others may be allergic to yeast. Treatment for yeast infection in dogs involves changes to the diet, repairing the immune system, and using antifungal products to treat the skin locally. Specific treatments for yeast infections in dogs can be found here.
References/Source:
The study conducted by Åberg, Varjonen, and Åhman (2017) on atopic dogs with Malassezia hypersensitivity found that allergen-specific immunotherapy was effective in reducing the symptoms of the condition. In another study by Morris, Olivier, and Rosser (1998), Type-1 hypersensitivity reactions to Malassezia pachydermatis extracts were observed in atopic dogs.
Small Animal Dermatology by Hnilica and Patterson (2017) provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in small animals, including those caused by Malassezia.
Opportunistic Yeast Pathogens, a review article by Polvi, Li, O’Meara et al. (2015), discusses the various species of yeast that cause infections in humans and animals. The authors highlight the importance of understanding the pathogenesis of these infections to develop effective treatment strategies.
Neem oil has been shown to have antifungal properties in a study by Ahmed and Vishnupriya (2016). The authors suggest that neem oil could be a natural alternative to conventional antifungal agents.
Feeding the Adult Dog by Puotinen (2000) provides guidance on nutrition for dogs, including those with skin allergies. The author recommends feeding a balanced diet that includes whole foods and avoiding ingredients that commonly trigger allergies.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the typical signs of a yeast infection in a dog’s ears?
A dog with a yeast infection in their ear often has a brownish, waxy, smelly ear discharge. A strong smell is one noticeable feature of yeast infection in dogs, producing a characteristic, strong, musty smell. Other typical signs include head shaking, scratching, and itching around the ears.
Which medications are effective for treating a dog’s paw yeast infection?
Antifungal medications such as ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole are commonly used to treat yeast infections in dogs’ paws. Topical treatments such as miconazole and clotrimazole can also be effective in treating the condition. However, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian before administering any medication to a dog.
How can one safely use antifungal shampoos to manage yeast infections in dogs?
Antifungal shampoos are an effective way of managing yeast infections in dogs. However, it is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. The shampoo should be applied to the affected area and left for a few minutes before rinsing off. It is crucial to avoid getting the shampoo in the dog’s eyes or ears.
Are there reliable home remedies for addressing yeast infections in canines?
While there are several home remedies for addressing yeast infections in dogs, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian before trying any of them. Some commonly used home remedies include the use of apple cider vinegar, coconut oil, and probiotics. However, it is essential to use these remedies with caution and under veterinary supervision.
What dietary changes can help a dog with a yeast infection?
Dietary changes can be helpful in managing yeast infections in dogs. It is crucial to avoid feeding the dog foods that contain high levels of carbohydrates and sugars, which can promote the growth of yeast. Instead, a diet rich in protein and low in carbohydrates can help manage the condition.
Can a yeast infection in dogs pose a risk of transmission to humans?
Although rare, yeast infections in dogs can pose a risk of transmission to humans, especially those with a weakened immune system. It is crucial to maintain good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after handling a dog with a yeast infection, to reduce the risk of transmission.